Number of Grape Varieties Worldwide

How many grape varieties are there?

TLDR; There are more than 10,000.

But please do read on, because this obviously requires some nuance and context.

The diversity of grape varieties

You don't usually think about it when you drink a glass of wine, but the story behind those grapes is quite complex. While most of us are familiar with Cabernet Sauvignon or Chardonnay, there's a whole world hidden behind the grape varieties that create our wines.

The number is quite impressive: there are over 10,000 different grape varieties worldwide*. Of this vast number, approximately 4,000 are used for wine production. Perhaps even more surprising is that only about 20 grape varieties account for the lion's share of commercial wine production.

The most popular grapes for wine

Of course, there are even more grapes grown than those we use for wine. Perhaps one of the most famous ones, one you might not have top of mind, but will definitely try at some point, is Sultana. A seedless grape used to make raisins.

But of course, we have to talk about wine grapes here. These grapes all come from a single plant species, Vitis Vinifera . The most important of these wine grapes, in order of number of hectares worldwide, are:

And then, of course, due to climate change, etc., there are grapes that are rapidly increasing in volume. Take, for example, Marselan, a cross between Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache, which is quite resistant to many diseases**.

Charm of local grape varieties

While the big names dominate the market, every wine country has its own local heroes. Take, for example, the Dutch Johanniter, specially developed for our climate. Or consider the Italian Nebbiolo, which really only flourishes in Piedmont. But in terms of quality, it produces incredible wines, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. Sometimes these "small" grapes tell a much more interesting story than their famous counterparts.

Effect of terroir

A grape variety's expression is strongly influenced by its growing location. A Burgundy Chardonnay tastes fundamentally different from one from California. This explains why the same grape can taste so differently—and why wine lovers never tire of talking about their favorite regions.

Climate & grape varieties

Climate change is forcing winemakers to consider alternative grape varieties. Forgotten varieties are being rediscovered because they're more tolerant of heat or drought. And some grape varieties may even be "migrating" regionally. This is sure to shake up the wine world considerably in the coming years.

Furthermore, modern crossbreeding techniques are leading to new grape varieties that are disease-resistant and require fewer pesticides. Some purists see this as sacrilege, but isn't innovation precisely what has always advanced the wine world? After all, the most important wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon , is also a crossbreed. Do you know which grapes? (The answer is further down in the FAQs.)

The wide variety of grape varieties is more than just a fun fact. It also forms the basis for:

• Biodiversity in vineyards
  
• Unique local wine traditions
  
• Adaptability to climate change
  
• A broad spectrum of taste experiences
  

Now it's your turn. Curious? Then start exploring lesser-known grape varieties. Perhaps your next wine choice won't simply be "a Chardonnay," but you might seek advice on alternatives. Who knows, you might discover your new favorite.

To help you out, here's a list of some lesser-known grape varieties you can explore:

White:

• Ansonica (a serious alternative if you're somewhere between Chardonnay and Sauvignon)
• Gelber Muskateller (nice for that sweeter dessert wine)
• Pedro Ximenez (this is often used in fortified wines)

Red:

• Barbera (dark cherry yoghurt, fresh, a little less tannin, but still clearly Italian)
• Freisa (also a local Piedmontese grape that is making a reasonable comeback)
• Zinfandel (you may know this one, but as Primitivo)

To sum it up

The world of grape varieties is far richer than what we find in the supermarket. While about 20 varieties dominate the market, a wealth of discoveries awaits in the remaining 4,000 wine grape varieties. This diversity is not only fascinating but also essential for the future of wine.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why are so few grape varieties used commercially?
   This is primarily due to economic factors and consumer familiarity. Well-known grapes are a "safe" choice for producers. Furthermore, many of the large grapes can be treated like red, yellow, and blue paints to achieve a desired color, providing an easy indication of the desired flavor.
   
   
2. Can all grape varieties be made into wine?
   No, some grapes are specifically intended for consumption as table grapes or for making raisins.
   
   
3. Which grape is the most famous hybrid?
   Cabernet Sauvignon is a cross between Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc.
   
   
4. Will there be new grape varieties added?
   Yes, scientists regularly develop new crosses, especially focused on climate resilience and disease resistance.
   
   
5. Which grape variety is the most widely planted worldwide?
   Cabernet Sauvignon is currently the most widely planted grape variety for wine production worldwide.

Source:
* BESTMEDGRAPE: Out of 10,000 varieties, here some grapes types that might interest you!: https://www.enicbcmed.eu/bestmedgrape-out-10000-varieties-here-some-grapes-types-might-interest-you

** Comparison of Chemical and Sensory Profiles between Cabernet Sauvignon and Marselan Dry Red Wines in China: link